CW Skimmer

CW Skimmer is a popular amateur radio software program used for decoding Morse code signals on the HF bands. The program is widely used by ham radio operators, DX chasers, and contest stations because it can monitor and decode many CW signals at the same time. Unlike traditional Morse code listening, CW Skimmer displays signals visually on a waterfall screen and automatically shows callsigns as they appear on the band.

The software works especially well with SDR radios and modern HF transceivers. Many amateur radio operators connect CW Skimmer to radios such as the Icom IC-7300, IC-7610, FlexRadio systems, SDRplay receivers, and RTL-SDR dongles. When connected to a software defined radio, CW Skimmer can monitor a large section of the amateur radio band and decode multiple Morse code transmissions simultaneously.

One of the main features of CW Skimmer is its real-time waterfall display. Signals appear as visible traces on the screen, allowing operators to quickly find active stations. Users can click directly on a signal to tune their radio to that frequency. This makes CW contesting and DX hunting much faster and easier compared to manually tuning across the band.

CW Skimmer also includes advanced DSP filtering and automatic Morse code decoding technology. The program can identify callsigns, display signal strength, filter background noise, and improve weak signal readability. Many operators use the software together with amateur radio logging programs and DX cluster networks to track stations around the world.

The program is well known for its connection to the Reverse Beacon Network. Thousands of CW signals are automatically uploaded by monitoring stations using CW Skimmer. This allows amateur radio operators to instantly check where their signal is being heard and how strong it is on different HF bands around the world.

CW Skimmer is especially popular during major amateur radio contests because it helps operators quickly identify CQ stations and multipliers. Contest stations often use the software to improve band awareness and increase operating efficiency during events such as CQ World Wide DX Contest and ARRL contests.

CW Skimmer is commercial Windows software created by amateur radio operator Alex Shovkoplyas VE3NEA. A free trial version is available, and the program remains one of the most widely used Morse code decoder applications in amateur radio today.

I have made contact with Alex a few times, and he was very responsive. I have done a short video below showing how I went installing it and using it. The website is at https://dxatlas.com/cwskimmer/

While at this website, you can see a lot of other programs he has written, most are free.


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ADIF Master

ADIF Master is a popular amateur radio logging software tool used for editing and managing ADIF log files. ADIF stands for Amateur Data Interchange Format, which is the worldwide standard used by ham radio operators to share QSO log information between different logging programs and online logbook services. Many amateur radio enthusiasts use ADIF Master to organise contacts, repair corrupted log files, and prepare logs for upload to systems such as Logbook of The World, QRZ, Club Log, and eQSL.

The software is designed mainly as an ADIF editor rather than a full live logging program. One of the reasons ADIF Master is widely used in the amateur radio community is because of its simple spreadsheet-style layout. The rows and columns make it easy to edit callsigns, frequencies, modes, signal reports, dates, times, DXCC information, and other ham radio logging details quickly and easily.

ADIF Master includes many useful features for amateur radio operators. It can open, edit, merge, sort, filter, and convert ADIF files from different logging software programs. The software can also import Cabrillo contest logs and convert older log formats into modern ADIF files. This makes it very useful for contest operators, portable activators, DX hunters, and digital mode users.

Many radio amateurs use ADIF Master for cleaning up FT8 and FT4 logs created by WSJT-X or other digital mode software such as what I show you in the video, my excel log book. It is also commonly used to remove duplicate contacts, correct incorrect time entries, fix formatting problems, and prepare logs for awards and confirmations. The software supports modern ADIF standards and works well with current amateur radio digital modes.

Another advantage of ADIF Master is that it is lightweight and easy to run on most Windows computers, including Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems. Because the program is small and portable, many ham radio operators keep a copy on a USB drive or shack computer for quick log maintenance and backup work.

ADIF Master is especially helpful for amateur radio operators who regularly exchange log files between different ham radio programs. It provides a fast and simple way to manage amateur radio contacts while keeping logs accurate and compatible with modern logging systems and online amateur radio databases.


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AOR AR1000XLT Fix

The AOR AR1000XLT is a popular wideband scanner receiver that became well known among radio enthusiasts, amateur radio operators, aviation listeners, and shortwave hobbyists during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The scanner was designed to receive a massive range of radio frequencies, making it one of the most versatile handheld scanners available at the time. Many people used the AR1000XLT for aircraft monitoring, emergency service listening, marine radio, amateur radio, and shortwave reception.

One of the biggest features of the AOR AR1000XLT scanner is its extremely wide frequency coverage. The receiver can monitor frequencies from around 500 kHz up to 1300 MHz depending on the model version. This allows users to listen to HF shortwave bands, VHF communications, UHF signals, FM broadcast radio, aircraft radio channels, marine frequencies, and amateur radio bands all in one portable device. The scanner supports AM, FM, and Wide FM modes, giving users flexibility across different radio services.

The AR1000XLT scanner became popular because of its advanced features for the time. It included 1000 memory channels, fast scanning speeds, search banks, and strong receiver sensitivity. Radio hobbyists appreciated how quickly it could scan channels and search for unknown frequencies. Many users connected external antennas to improve reception for long-distance radio monitoring and weak signal listening.

Another reason the AOR AR1000XLT gained popularity was its compact handheld design. The radio was portable, battery powered, and easy to carry for field use. Aviation enthusiasts often used it for airband listening at airports, while amateur radio operators used it for monitoring repeaters and HF communications. Shortwave listeners also enjoyed using the scanner to explore international radio stations and utility frequencies.

Although the AOR AR1000XLT is still respected by vintage scanner collectors and radio hobbyists today, it does have limitations compared to modern digital scanners. The radio does not support modern digital communication modes such as P25, DMR, NXDN, or trunked radio systems. Because many emergency services now use digital or encrypted communications, the scanner is mainly used today for analog radio monitoring, aircraft listening, amateur radio, marine radio, and shortwave scanning.

Even many years after its release, the AOR AR1000XLT remains a well-known classic scanner receiver in the radio hobby community. Its wide frequency coverage, strong analog performance, and portable design helped make it one of the most recognised handheld scanners of its era.

My keyboard on the scanner stopped working and even though this is an old scanner, I wanted to get it working mainly for old time sake. I knew if I could get the keyboard out, I could clean it and hopefully get it working. But see in my video as to how I went and what I discovered.


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Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) in HF Radio Propagation

Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) is an important concept in HF radio propagation and amateur radio communications. It refers to the highest frequency that can be used for reliable communication between two locations by reflecting off the ionosphere. If a radio signal is transmitted above the MUF, it will not return to Earth and will instead pass through the ionosphere into space, making long-distance communication impossible on that frequency.

In high frequency (HF) bands between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, radio signals rely on the ionosphere to travel beyond the horizon. The ionosphere contains charged particles that can refract radio waves back toward the Earth, enabling long-distance or DX communication. Lower HF frequencies tend to bend more easily, while higher frequencies require stronger ionisation to reflect. The MUF represents the cutoff point where signals stop being reflected and begin escaping into space.

The MUF changes constantly due to several environmental factors. Solar activity, including sunspots and solar radiation, has a major influence, with higher solar activity increasing ionisation and raising the MUF. The time of day also plays a role, with daytime conditions generally producing a higher MUF due to stronger ionisation, while nighttime conditions lower the MUF as the ionosphere weakens. Additionally, the distance between stations (radio path length) affects the MUF, with longer paths often requiring higher frequencies to achieve successful propagation.

Another important concept related to MUF is the Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF). While MUF defines the upper limit, LUF defines the lowest frequency that can be used effectively without excessive signal loss or noise. The usable frequency range for communication lies between these two limits, often referred to as the optimum working frequency range. Operators typically choose a frequency slightly below the MUF for the most reliable performance.

Understanding Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) is essential for amateur radio operators, particularly those interested in HF DXing, contesting, and propagation prediction. By knowing the current MUF, operators can select the most effective bands, such as 20 metres, 17 metres, or 15 metres, and better understand why certain bands open or close throughout the day.

In summary, MUF is the highest frequency that will be reflected by the ionosphere for a given path and time, making it a critical factor in successful long-distance HF radio communication.

This one is for your Shack including all bands

How do you check MUF in real time?

Checking the Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) in real time is something many amateur radio operators do to decide which HF bands are open for DX communication. There are several easy ways to monitor live MUF and ionospheric conditions using online tools and software.

Online MUF Maps and Propagation Tools

One of the most popular methods is using real-time propagation websites. These display global or regional MUF based on ionospheric data (foF2 measurements).

Common tools:

  • Space Weather / Propagation sites (e.g. NOAA, SpaceWeatherLive)
  • VOACAP Online (predicts HF propagation paths)
  • DXMaps / PSKReporter (shows real contacts happening live)

Ionosonde Data (foF2)

A more technical way to check MUF is by looking at ionosonde readings, specifically the foF2 value.

  • foF2 = critical frequency of the F2 layer
  • MUF is roughly calculated from this value depending on path angle

Using SDR to Observe Band Openings

With your RTL-SDR + SDR# setup, you can actually see MUF effects:

  • Tune across HF bands
  • Watch the waterfall display
  • Look for signals appearing/disappearing

Beacon and Reverse Beacon Networks

Another real-time method is using beacon networks:

  • NCDXF/IARU beacons transmit on multiple HF bands
  • Reverse Beacon Network (RBN) shows who is hearing what
Feel free to print this out for your shack

Hopefully you have enjoyed reading this. If so, please like and subscribe and feel free to comment below.

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Baofeng UV-5R Mini

The Baofeng UV-5R Mini handheld radio is a popular and affordable dual-band amateur radio transceiver widely used by beginners and experienced ham radio operators. Designed as a compact version of the original UV-5R, this small and lightweight VHF/UHF walkie talkie offers solid performance for everyday communication, making it a common choice for those getting started in amateur radio (ham radio).

The UV-5R Mini operates on both VHF (136–174 MHz) and UHF (400–520 MHz) frequencies, supporting communication on the 2 metre and 70 centimetre amateur bands. With a typical output power of around 5 watts, it is suitable for short to medium range communication, including simplex operation and repeater use. Many versions include features such as CTCSS and DCS tones, allowing access to repeaters and private channel setups.

This compact handheld radio includes a range of useful functions, such as 128 memory channels, a built-in FM broadcast radio receiver, VOX hands-free operation, and a small LED flashlight. Some newer UV-5R Mini models also support USB-C charging and Bluetooth programming, making them easier to configure using smartphone apps or software like CHIRP programming software on a computer.

Compared to the standard UV-5R, the Mini version is more portable and pocket-friendly, though it often comes with a smaller battery and display. Despite the reduced size, the RF performance is generally similar, making it a convenient option for portable use, hiking, or as a backup two-way radio.

The Baofeng UV-5R Mini is known for being a budget-friendly handheld transceiver, which is one of its biggest advantages. It provides access to amateur radio communication, repeater networks, and frequency scanning at a very low cost.

In Australia, the UV-5R Mini can be used legally for listening to radio frequencies, but transmitting requires an amateur radio licence issued by the ACMA. It is important to note that this radio is not approved for UHF CB (477 MHz) or commercial radio use, which are governed by different regulations.

In real-world use, the Baofeng UV-5R Mini typically achieves a range of 1 to 3 kilometres in urban environments, and up to 5 to 10 kilometres or more when using repeaters or operating from elevated locations. Performance can be significantly improved by upgrading to a better antenna or connecting the radio to an external base antenna.

Overall, the Baofeng UV-5R Mini dual-band handheld radio is a great entry-level option for those interested in ham radio communication, repeater operation, and portable VHF/UHF use. It is especially useful as a backup radio or learning tool.

Please comment if you have any thoughts.

If you go via this link, you will get a discount:
https://radioddity.refr.cc/bensangster then search for your item

Direct link here:


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HF radio and lightning storms are closely connected because lightning creates strong radio frequency interference that affects HF radio communication (3–30 MHz). High Frequency radio is commonly used for amateur radio (ham radio), marine radio, aviation HF communication, emergency communications, and long-distance shortwave listening. HF signals travel long distances by reflecting off the ionosphere, which makes them ideal for worldwide communication without repeaters — but also makes them very sensitive to atmospheric noise.

During a lightning storm, each lightning strike produces a powerful burst of electromagnetic interference (EMI) across a wide range of frequencies. This is known as atmospheric radio noise or QRN (natural static noise). On an HF receiver, lightning interference sounds like loud static crashes, popping, and crackling across the band. The noise can raise the HF noise floor significantly, making weak signals difficult or impossible to copy.

Lightning interference does not need to be local to affect your station. Distant thunderstorms hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away can generate broadband RF noise that travels via ground wave and skywave propagation. Because HF signals reflect off the ionosphere, lightning noise can also propagate long distances. This is why operators often experience heavy static on the 40 metre band or 20 metre band even when the weather is clear overhead.

HF radio is more affected by lightning than VHF or UHF radio because lower frequencies are more susceptible to atmospheric static. Storm activity in tropical regions, including northern Australia during the wet season, can noticeably increase static levels across the HF bands in southern states such as Victoria.

Using HF radio during a thunderstorm can also pose a safety risk. Lightning strikes can induce high voltage into antenna systems, travel down coaxial feedlines, damage transceivers, destroy power supplies, and in severe cases cause fire. Even a nearby lightning strike can create a voltage surge through electromagnetic induction.

To protect HF radio equipment from lightning damage, operators commonly install lightning arrestors, use proper station grounding systems, fit surge protection devices, and disconnect antenna feedlines during storms. Many amateur radio operators physically unplug their coax cable when thunderstorms approach as an added precaution.

Lightning detection systems and weather monitoring networks also use radio frequency monitoring to track storm activity. The radio noise generated by lightning can be detected over long distances, making RF monitoring an effective method for identifying thunderstorm activity.


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Antennas

Amateur radio operators use many different antenna types, each designed for specific bands, space limits, and operating goals. Here’s a clear overview of the most common ones and why hams choose them.

Wire Antennas

These are some of the simplest and most popular antennas that include:

Dipole Antennas

  • Two equal wire sections fed in the center
  • Very efficient and easy to build
  • Works well on HF bands
  • Often used as a first antenna

End-fed wire

  • Fed at one end instead of the center
  • Easy to install in limited space
  • Needs a matching unit (tuner or transformer)

Inverted-V

  • A dipole with the center high and the ends sloping down
  • Takes up less horizontal space
  • Good all-around performance

Vertical antennas

Vertical antennas stand upright and radiate equally in all directions.

  • Popular for HF, VHF, and UHF
  • Good for DX (long-distance) contacts
  • Require a good ground system or radials
  • Common on small lots or rooftops

Verticals are great when you want omnidirectional coverage without rotating an antenna.

Directional antennas

These antennas focus energy in specific directions. They include:

Yagi Antennas

  • One driven element with reflector(s) and director(s)
  • High gain and directivity
  • Common on HF, VHF, and UHF
  • Usually mounted on towers and rotors

Beam Antennas

  • General term for directional antennas
  • Help reduce noise and interference
  • Ideal for contesting and DXing

Loop antennas

Loop antennas use a closed loop of wire or tubing. They include:

Full-wave loops

  • Large, efficient, and low noise
  • Often used on HF bands

Magnetic loops

  • Much smaller
  • Useful in apartments or noisy environments
  • Narrow bandwidth, needs careful tuning

VHF/UHF antennas

Used mainly for local and line-of-sight communication. They include:

Ground-plane

  • Simple vertical antenna
  • Common for 2 m and 70 cm

Collinear

  • Stacked vertical elements
  • More gain for repeater and FM use

Handheld “rubber duck”

  • Compact and portable
  • Less efficient but very convenient

Portable and special-purpose antennas

  • Whip antennas for mobile use
  • NVIS antennas for regional HF coverage
  • Stealth antennas designed to be hidden
  • Satellite antennas (often crossed Yagis)

Choosing the right antenna

Amateur Radio Operators usually decide what antenna to used based on:

  • Available space
  • Frequency bands
  • Operating style (local, DX, portable)
  • Budget and installation limits

A simple, well-installed antenna often outperforms a complex one installed poorly.

How do I increase Antenna Gain?

Increasing antenna gain means focusing the radio signal more efficiently rather than increasing transmitter power. One of the most effective ways is to use a directional antenna, like a Yagi or beam, instead of an omnidirectional antenna such as a dipole or vertical. Directional antennas concentrate energy in a specific direction, providing stronger signals and reducing interference from unwanted directions.

You can also look at mounting your antenna higher. The old thought of Height is Might come into play. It’s true to a point, especially if you go higher and can now talk over obstacles like hills or buildings.

Another way to increase gain is by adding more elements to antennas like Yagis. Each additional director slightly increases forward gain, allowing for stronger transmission over long distances. Similarly, antenna height plays a major role in effective gain: raising antennas above obstacles improves the radiation angle, enhances long-distance (DX) contacts, and benefits line-of-sight communication on VHF and UHF bands.

Advanced techniques include stacking antennas, where two or more identical antennas are combined with proper spacing and phasing to achieve extra gain. Even without changing antennas, improving efficiency can boost effective gain. This includes using low-loss coax, keeping feedlines short, installing sufficient radials for verticals, and tuning the antenna to achieve a low SWR, which ensures most energy is radiated rather than lost.

In short, achieving higher gain relies on focusing energy, increasing elements, raising antenna height, and reducing losses. Choosing the right antenna depends on your operating goals, such as DX contacts or local coverage, and your available space and budget.

What about you?

So what antenna have you used and has it worked well or not at all? Which antenna did I miss above?

I’m keen to get your thoughts so please add a comment below.


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Interference

Interference in Amateur Radio refers to unwanted signals that disrupt radio communication. This interference can reduce signal clarity, make contacts difficult, or completely block communication between amateur radio operators.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is one of the most common problems in amateur radio. It often comes from man-made electronic devices such as phone chargers, computers, LED lights, televisions, and power supplies. These devices can produce continuous noise or buzzing sounds across radio bands.

Natural Interference also affects amateur radio operations. Lightning causes static noise, while solar activity can disrupt or enhance signals, especially on HF bands. Atmospheric conditions play a major role in how radio waves travel and how much noise is present.

Adjacent Channel Interference and Harmonics occur when signals spill over into nearby frequencies or when transmitters emit unwanted signals outside their assigned band. This is usually caused by poor filtering, excessive power, or improperly adjusted equipment.

Managing and Reducing Interference is an important responsibility for amateur radio operators. Techniques include proper grounding, using quality cables, installing filters, adding ferrite chokes, and ensuring transmitters produce clean signals.

Rules and Responsibilities in Amateur Radio require operators to avoid causing harmful interference, accept interference from other legal users, and correct any problems their station may cause. Cooperation among amateur radio operators helps identify and resolve interference issues effectively.

Options

Amateur radio interference can be reduced by controlling unwanted radio-frequency (RF) energy and improving how equipment handles it. One of the most effective methods is using ferrite chokes on coaxial cables, power leads, and the cables of affected devices. These chokes block RF from traveling along cables and significantly reduce interference.

Good grounding and bonding are also essential. The radio, power supply, and antenna system should be properly grounded, with metal parts bonded together using short, thick wires. A single, well-designed ground point helps prevent RF from spreading into household wiring and electronics.

The antenna system plays a major role in interference. A properly tuned antenna with low SWR reduces stray RF, and placing the antenna farther from buildings and electronics helps limit interference. Using baluns or common-mode chokes at the antenna feed point can further prevent RF from flowing back along the coax.

Interference can also be reduced by lowering transmit power to only what is necessary and by using filters such as low-pass or band-pass filters. Replacing or relocating noisy household electronics—like cheap power adapters or LED lights—can improve reception. Finally, using shielded cables, keeping wiring short, and changing frequency or band when needed can help minimize interference even further.

What about you?

I would love to hear what you have experienced and done about radio interference. Did you cause it? Did you experience it? What helped?


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Yaesu FT-620

The Yaesu FT-620 (and its updated version, the FT-620B) is a vintage amateur radio transceiver designed specifically for the 6-meter band (50–54 MHz). Produced in the 1970s, it offers support for AM, CW, and SSB (USB/LSB) modes, making it a versatile rig for its time, especially during the era when 6 meters was gaining popularity for both local and DX communications. It was part of Yaesu’s early generation of VHF monoband rigs, built with a solid metal chassis and analog controls, reflecting the rugged, durable engineering of the period.

In terms of performance, the FT-620 delivers approximately 20 watts PEP on SSB and CW, and around 4–8 watts on AM. Receiver sensitivity is quite good for a rig of its era, typically around 0.5 µV for 10 dB S/N in SSB/CW modes. The transceiver divides the 6-meter band into multiple segments using a bandswitch, and offers decent selectivity for SSB and CW operation. It can be powered from AC mains or 12–14 VDC, providing some flexibility for mobile or backup use. However, it lacks FM capability, which limits its use with modern 6m FM repeaters or simplex FM operations.

While the FT-620 is highly regarded for its build quality and straightforward analog operation, it does show its age. There’s no digital display, DSP, or modern filtering, and some units may require refurbishment—such as replacing aging capacitors or realigning circuits for optimal performance. Its bulk and weight (~8 kg) also make it less convenient for portable use. Nonetheless, for those interested in classic radios or operating 6 meters on SSB/CW, it remains a capable and enjoyable rig, particularly when paired with a good antenna.

Overall, the FT-620 is best suited to enthusiasts who appreciate vintage gear and are willing to maintain it. It still holds practical value today in the right hands—especially for those focused on SSB or CW operation during band openings. While it won’t compete with modern rigs in terms of features or integration, its simplicity, durability, and vintage charm continue to appeal to collectors and seasoned hams alike.

See my video below where I fire it up and give it a test.

See me fire up this old girl

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Anytone 778UV Key Assignment

Key Assignment

For some reason, not all the key assignment options are in the manual and after a bit of searching, I found no complete list.  Hopefully this below helps you in selecting your Key Assignments on the main unit P1-P6 keys, as well as on the microphone PA-PD keys. I have listed them in alphabetical order however under it I have how I have my radio set up.

SelectionDescription
A/BSwitch Main Display from A or B
BNDBandwidth (adjust for low signals)
CALCalibration (non-functional)
CDTCTCSS / DCS options
DIRDirection of display
MONDisables squelch
NULLWill make button do nothing.
POWPower Level, Low Med Hi
RDWDual Watch
REVReverse transmit offset and frequency
SCNScan, channels or frequencies
SFTFrequency Offset
SQLSquelch
TALKTurns TX off for any particular channel
TRFBusy channel lockout
VOLVolume Level, press to change volume instead of channel
VOXVox toggle on or off
V/MSwitch from VFO to Memory Channel

Please let me know if I got any wrong or have missed one.

This is how I have set mine up, but as I use the radio, I will change this to suit my needs:

P1A/B
P2V/M
P3MON
P4SCN
P5SQL
P6VOL
P1 mode 2DIR
P2 mode 2SFT
P3 mode 2RDW
P4 mode 2POW
P5 mode 2CDT
P6 mode 2BND
PASCN
PBVOL
PCPOW
PDRDW

So what are your thoughts on this? How do you setup your radio? Please let me know via the comments below.

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