Amateur TV

Amateur Radio Television (ATV), often called “ham TV,” is a niche part of amateur television where licensed radio operators transmit live video and audio over radio frequencies instead of traditional broadcast networks. It is essentially an extension of amateur (ham) radio, using higher bandwidth signals to carry moving images, typically on UHF and microwave bands. Unlike commercial TV, ATV is non-commercial and used for experimentation, hobby activity, and technical learning.

In Melbourne Australia, amateur radio TV activity is centred around the well-known VK3RTV system. This is a digital amateur television repeater that broadcasts across much of the metropolitan area, allowing operators to transmit and receive video signals. It operates continuously and uses modern digital TV standards (DVB-T2 HD), transmitting on 445.5 MHz. The system supports multiple input formats (such as DVB-S/S2 and DVB-T) and provides wide coverage across Melbourne and even towards Geelong.

Melbourne’s ATV community has a long history, with amateur television transmissions dating back to the late 1970s. Originally analogue, the system transitioned to digital broadcasting in the 2000s and was re-established in 2020 after a temporary shutdown. Today it is considered technically advanced, featuring multiplexed digital channels, HD video, and even internet-linked streaming to international amateur TV networks.

Activity in Melbourne ATV is typically community-driven. Enthusiasts participate in scheduled “net nights” (weekly on-air meetups), experimental broadcasts, and live video contacts between stations. Operators may transmit a wide range of content including technical demonstrations, hobby projects, model aircraft footage, or informal chats. Voice coordination is often done on separate 2meter FM frequency, 147.400 MHz, while video is transmitted through the ATV repeater.

Amateur TV is also known as High-Scan TV. A related but distinct mode is Slow-Scan Television, which is also used by amateur radio operators in Australia. Instead of live video, SSTV sends still images over radio, taking several seconds to minutes per picture. This mode is popular for long-distance (HF) communication and even space-related transmissions, complementing the faster “full-motion” ATV systems used locally in Melbourne.

Overall, amateur Radio TV in Melbourne is a small but technically rich hobby combining radio engineering, digital broadcasting, and experimentation. It operates outside mainstream media, relying on licensed operators, shared infrastructure like VK3RTV, and a collaborative community that keeps the technology evolving.

This view shows how I got involved, and found out how to reveive it with the help of people in this video. Although I only show one set top box, I actually have two, plus two screens, so I can receive channel 1 and 2 at the same time. These two channels are independent of each other in some ways, but transmit from the same site.

I really hope you enjoy this video, and it encourages you to this part of the hobby. Please put what comments or questions you have below as I will try to answer them. I am not an expert in this area at all, but still learning and hope to one day transmit onto VK3RTV. If you live away from Melbourne, you can still access it via Discord (see link on video) or via Youtube as shown in the video.

Thank you again to Peter, Steven and Clint for your your endless help.

Some good links are available here:
http://www.vk3rtv.com/
https://amateurradio.com.au/repeaters/vk3rtv
https://www.emdrc.com.au/datv-repeater-vk3rtv/

Have a look at my video for more info


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Baofeng UV-5R Mini

The Baofeng UV-5R Mini handheld radio is a popular and affordable dual-band amateur radio transceiver widely used by beginners and experienced ham radio operators. Designed as a compact version of the original UV-5R, this small and lightweight VHF/UHF walkie talkie offers solid performance for everyday communication, making it a common choice for those getting started in amateur radio (ham radio).

The UV-5R Mini operates on both VHF (136–174 MHz) and UHF (400–520 MHz) frequencies, supporting communication on the 2 metre and 70 centimetre amateur bands. With a typical output power of around 5 watts, it is suitable for short to medium range communication, including simplex operation and repeater use. Many versions include features such as CTCSS and DCS tones, allowing access to repeaters and private channel setups.

This compact handheld radio includes a range of useful functions, such as 128 memory channels, a built-in FM broadcast radio receiver, VOX hands-free operation, and a small LED flashlight. Some newer UV-5R Mini models also support USB-C charging and Bluetooth programming, making them easier to configure using smartphone apps or software like CHIRP programming software on a computer.

Compared to the standard UV-5R, the Mini version is more portable and pocket-friendly, though it often comes with a smaller battery and display. Despite the reduced size, the RF performance is generally similar, making it a convenient option for portable use, hiking, or as a backup two-way radio.

The Baofeng UV-5R Mini is known for being a budget-friendly handheld transceiver, which is one of its biggest advantages. It provides access to amateur radio communication, repeater networks, and frequency scanning at a very low cost.

In Australia, the UV-5R Mini can be used legally for listening to radio frequencies, but transmitting requires an amateur radio licence issued by the ACMA. It is important to note that this radio is not approved for UHF CB (477 MHz) or commercial radio use, which are governed by different regulations.

In real-world use, the Baofeng UV-5R Mini typically achieves a range of 1 to 3 kilometres in urban environments, and up to 5 to 10 kilometres or more when using repeaters or operating from elevated locations. Performance can be significantly improved by upgrading to a better antenna or connecting the radio to an external base antenna.

Overall, the Baofeng UV-5R Mini dual-band handheld radio is a great entry-level option for those interested in ham radio communication, repeater operation, and portable VHF/UHF use. It is especially useful as a backup radio or learning tool.

Please comment if you have any thoughts.

If you go via this link, you will get a discount:
https://radioddity.refr.cc/bensangster then search for your item

Direct link here:


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Lightning Storm & HF Radio

HF radio and lightning storms are closely connected because lightning creates strong radio frequency interference that affects HF radio communication (3–30 MHz). High Frequency radio is commonly used for amateur radio (ham radio), marine radio, aviation HF communication, emergency communications, and long-distance shortwave listening. HF signals travel long distances by reflecting off the ionosphere, which makes them ideal for worldwide communication without repeaters — but also makes them very sensitive to atmospheric noise.

During a lightning storm, each lightning strike produces a powerful burst of electromagnetic interference (EMI) across a wide range of frequencies. This is known as atmospheric radio noise or QRN (natural static noise). On an HF receiver, lightning interference sounds like loud static crashes, popping, and crackling across the band. The noise can raise the HF noise floor significantly, making weak signals difficult or impossible to copy.

Lightning interference does not need to be local to affect your station. Distant thunderstorms hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away can generate broadband RF noise that travels via ground wave and skywave propagation. Because HF signals reflect off the ionosphere, lightning noise can also propagate long distances. This is why operators often experience heavy static on the 40 metre band or 20 metre band even when the weather is clear overhead.

HF radio is more affected by lightning than VHF or UHF radio because lower frequencies are more susceptible to atmospheric static. Storm activity in tropical regions, including northern Australia during the wet season, can noticeably increase static levels across the HF bands in southern states such as Victoria.

Using HF radio during a thunderstorm can also pose a safety risk. Lightning strikes can induce high voltage into antenna systems, travel down coaxial feedlines, damage transceivers, destroy power supplies, and in severe cases cause fire. Even a nearby lightning strike can create a voltage surge through electromagnetic induction.

To protect HF radio equipment from lightning damage, operators commonly install lightning arrestors, use proper station grounding systems, fit surge protection devices, and disconnect antenna feedlines during storms. Many amateur radio operators physically unplug their coax cable when thunderstorms approach as an added precaution.

Lightning detection systems and weather monitoring networks also use radio frequency monitoring to track storm activity. The radio noise generated by lightning can be detected over long distances, making RF monitoring an effective method for identifying thunderstorm activity.


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Radtel P8 PoC radio

The Radtel P8 PoC radio is a Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) device that looks like a traditional walkie-talkie but communicates using 4G/LTE mobile networks instead of UHF/VHF radio frequencies. This means its effective range is not limited to a few kilometres like standard two-way radios, but instead depends on cellular coverage, allowing communication across cities, states, or even countries wherever there is mobile signal.

Unlike conventional radios that require radio licenses, repeaters, or line-of-sight, the Radtel P8 works more like a dedicated PTT phone with a SIM card. Many packages include a pre-installed SIM and a period of included data/service, after which a small ongoing fee may apply. It supports private calls and group calls, making it suitable for team communication, logistics, security staff, events, and transport coordination.

The device includes practical hardware features such as a 1.77-inch display, 3000 mAh battery, USB-C charging, and a durable metal (zinc alloy) housing. Audio is typically clear because voice is transmitted digitally over LTE, though there can be slight latency compared to instant RF radios. Some versions also support dual SIM slots for improved network flexibility.

A key limitation is that the Radtel P8 is completely dependent on mobile network coverage. In areas with no cellular signal—such as remote bushland, underground locations, or disaster zones—it will not function like a traditional UHF/VHF two-way radio. For this reason, it is best understood as an LTE communicator with PTT, rather than a replacement for conventional radios used in off-grid environments.

In summary, the Radtel P8 PoC radio is ideal for users needing long-distance push-to-talk communication, nationwide coverage, and team coordination without radio licensing, provided they operate within areas that have reliable 4G mobile network coverage.

I was really happy with this radio. Not only was it strong, but it was small also. The battery lasted a very long time and had a quick charge also. I’ve used it several ways for different purposes.

A link to the radio is below. Value your thoughts on it also in the comments below.

https://www.radtels.com/products/radtel-p8-rapid-radios-unlimited-range-5000-miles-above-walkie-talkie-nationwide-handheld-poc-for-adults-rechargeable-ptt-long-distance-walkie-talkies-with-lights2-pack?variant=44750867529936


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Antennas

Amateur radio operators use many different antenna types, each designed for specific bands, space limits, and operating goals. Here’s a clear overview of the most common ones and why hams choose them.

Wire Antennas

These are some of the simplest and most popular antennas that include:

Dipole Antennas

  • Two equal wire sections fed in the center
  • Very efficient and easy to build
  • Works well on HF bands
  • Often used as a first antenna

End-fed wire

  • Fed at one end instead of the center
  • Easy to install in limited space
  • Needs a matching unit (tuner or transformer)

Inverted-V

  • A dipole with the center high and the ends sloping down
  • Takes up less horizontal space
  • Good all-around performance

Vertical antennas

Vertical antennas stand upright and radiate equally in all directions.

  • Popular for HF, VHF, and UHF
  • Good for DX (long-distance) contacts
  • Require a good ground system or radials
  • Common on small lots or rooftops

Verticals are great when you want omnidirectional coverage without rotating an antenna.

Directional antennas

These antennas focus energy in specific directions. They include:

Yagi Antennas

  • One driven element with reflector(s) and director(s)
  • High gain and directivity
  • Common on HF, VHF, and UHF
  • Usually mounted on towers and rotors

Beam Antennas

  • General term for directional antennas
  • Help reduce noise and interference
  • Ideal for contesting and DXing

Loop antennas

Loop antennas use a closed loop of wire or tubing. They include:

Full-wave loops

  • Large, efficient, and low noise
  • Often used on HF bands

Magnetic loops

  • Much smaller
  • Useful in apartments or noisy environments
  • Narrow bandwidth, needs careful tuning

VHF/UHF antennas

Used mainly for local and line-of-sight communication. They include:

Ground-plane

  • Simple vertical antenna
  • Common for 2 m and 70 cm

Collinear

  • Stacked vertical elements
  • More gain for repeater and FM use

Handheld “rubber duck”

  • Compact and portable
  • Less efficient but very convenient

Portable and special-purpose antennas

  • Whip antennas for mobile use
  • NVIS antennas for regional HF coverage
  • Stealth antennas designed to be hidden
  • Satellite antennas (often crossed Yagis)

Choosing the right antenna

Amateur Radio Operators usually decide what antenna to used based on:

  • Available space
  • Frequency bands
  • Operating style (local, DX, portable)
  • Budget and installation limits

A simple, well-installed antenna often outperforms a complex one installed poorly.

How do I increase Antenna Gain?

Increasing antenna gain means focusing the radio signal more efficiently rather than increasing transmitter power. One of the most effective ways is to use a directional antenna, like a Yagi or beam, instead of an omnidirectional antenna such as a dipole or vertical. Directional antennas concentrate energy in a specific direction, providing stronger signals and reducing interference from unwanted directions.

You can also look at mounting your antenna higher. The old thought of Height is Might come into play. It’s true to a point, especially if you go higher and can now talk over obstacles like hills or buildings.

Another way to increase gain is by adding more elements to antennas like Yagis. Each additional director slightly increases forward gain, allowing for stronger transmission over long distances. Similarly, antenna height plays a major role in effective gain: raising antennas above obstacles improves the radiation angle, enhances long-distance (DX) contacts, and benefits line-of-sight communication on VHF and UHF bands.

Advanced techniques include stacking antennas, where two or more identical antennas are combined with proper spacing and phasing to achieve extra gain. Even without changing antennas, improving efficiency can boost effective gain. This includes using low-loss coax, keeping feedlines short, installing sufficient radials for verticals, and tuning the antenna to achieve a low SWR, which ensures most energy is radiated rather than lost.

In short, achieving higher gain relies on focusing energy, increasing elements, raising antenna height, and reducing losses. Choosing the right antenna depends on your operating goals, such as DX contacts or local coverage, and your available space and budget.

What about you?

So what antenna have you used and has it worked well or not at all? Which antenna did I miss above?

I’m keen to get your thoughts so please add a comment below.


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Dipole Antenna for Portable Use – Make your own!

A dipole antenna is a basic radio antenna made of two conductive elements fed at the center. It is typically a half-wavelength long and is widely used as a reference antenna in antenna theory and practice.

Dipole antennas work by converting alternating current into electromagnetic waves. Their radiation pattern is strongest perpendicular to the antenna and weakest along its axis, forming a donut-shaped pattern in three dimensions.

The orientation of a dipole antenna determines its polarization. A horizontal dipole produces horizontally polarized waves, while a vertical dipole produces vertically polarized waves. Matching polarization improves signal strength.

A half-wave dipole has an impedance of about 73 ohms in free space, which closely matches common coaxial cables. Proper impedance matching improves efficiency and reduces signal reflections.

When a dipole is installed close to the ground, near objects, or in an inverted-V shape, its impedance naturally drops from ~73 ohms toward 50 ohms. Many real-world dipoles end up near 50 ohms without extra components.

A folded dipole has about 300 ohms impedance, but using a 4:1 balun converts it to 75 ohms, and further matching can bring it to 50 ohms if needed.

Common types include half-wave, folded, short, and inverted-V dipoles. Dipole antennas are used in FM radio, television, amateur radio, and as components of directional antenna arrays.

My Antenna

Below is the antenna I made and tested. This video will show you how I did it, and why. I share some tips I learned along the way. But I would also value your thoughts.

The app I used to get the measurements from is this one:

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.daveyhollenberg.amateurradiotoolkit

However you can get lots of different apps that will do this. Or you can use the simple formula to work it out in metric or imperial.

My portable setup

Below are some videos on my portable setup which you may enjoy.


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6m and TV Channel 0

Prior to 1989, it was illegal to operate between 50 MHz and 52 MHz in Australia. It was a real pain as that was where all the action was when the band opened up.

My original 6m radio – still works today

However, after many requests from the WIA to the DoTC back in 1989, it was agreed that this section of the 6m band could be used with some minor amendments.

VK5, VK6, VK8, VK9 & VK0

It was decided VK5, VK6, VK8, VK9 & VK0 stations may operate anywhere between 50 – 52 MHz provided there was no interference caused to the reception of Channel 0 transmissions up to a maximum of 400 watts.

VK2, VK3, VK4 & VK7 (eastern states)

Stations located in VK2, VK3, VK4 & VK7 are permitted to operate provided there was no interference caused to the reception of Channel 0 in the sub-band 50.05 – 50.20 MHz provided they are:

  • 120 km from Channel 0 main television stations
  • 60 km from Channel 0 translator stations
  • 60 km from translator stations with Channel 0 inputs, and
  • They must only use emission modes of CW and SSB with a maximum of 100 watts.

VK1 ACT

Stations in VK1 can do the same as other eastern states but without the distance restrictions.

Today

Well that was back in 1989, today TV is all digital and the band is less restrictive now.

A short time ago I happened to make contact with Japan on 6m and also happened to be recording as well. You can watch the whole thing here:

You can see my 6m antenna in this video:

If you want to know more about 6m, see more information here. https://vk3tbs.home.blog/category/amateur-radio/hf/6m/

I personally love 6m and the challenge of it. It works well locally and well when the band is open. But it can close suddenly without notice. Sometimes I’ve spoken long distances and either has received no signal strength at all, but a full S5 copy.

I also enjoy adjusting between vertical and horizontal polarisation.

If you enjoyed this read, please take the time to like and follow this blog. Or let me know what you think of 6m from where you are in the comments below.


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The 6-Meter Amateur Radio Band

What Is the 6m Band?

The 6-meter band, spanning roughly 50–54 MHz, is a section of the VHF spectrum assigned to amateur radio operators.

Its wavelength is six meters, and its position between HF and VHF makes it behave like a mix of both services.

Why It’s Called the “Magic Band”

6 meters has an almost unpredictable personality.

Sometimes it acts like a local VHF band; other times it opens up suddenly and supports long-distance DX like HF.

Because of these rapid and surprising changes, operators refer to it as the Magic Band.

Contacts I had across to Europe

Propagation Characteristics

6 meters supports a wide range of radio propagation mechanisms:

Sporadic-E

Dense patches of ionization in the E-layer

Allows contacts hundreds to thousands of kilometers away

Most common from late spring through summer and again in winter

F-Layer / F2 Propagation

Appears during strong solar activity

Enables global, long-haul communication

Can keep the band open for long stretches

Tropospheric Enhancement

Weather-related bending in the lower atmosphere

Extends VHF-range signals over much longer distances

Meteor Scatter

Radio waves reflect off meteor trails

Excellent during meteor showers

Modern digital modes—especially MSK144—dominate this technique

Auroral Propagation

Signals scatter from auroral activity

Produces a very distinct, rough sound

Common at northern latitudes

Trans-Equatorial Propagation (TEP)

Occurs near the geomagnetic equator

Allows north–south DX paths across continents

Modes of Operation

6 meters accommodates virtually every common amateur mode

Weak-Signal & DX

SSB, CW

Digital

FT8 (primary mode for most openings)

FT4, JT65

MSK144 (meteor scatter)

FM

Simplex and repeater use in certain regions

AM

Niche but still used by some hobbyists

Equipment and Antennas

Radio

Many modern HF transceivers include the 6-meter band. Examples include:

Icom IC-7300

Yaesu FT-991A

Icom IC-705

Dedicated 6-meter rigs and transverters are also popular among weak-signal operators.

Antennas

6-meter antennas are small enough to install easily yet large enough to perform well.

Common options:

Dipoles

Verticals (good for FM)

Yagis (excellent for DX)

Moxons

Loops

End-fed half waves

Even a small Yagi can work impressive DX during an opening.

Seasonal and Solar Patterns

May–August: Prime Sporadic-E season

December–January: Smaller Es season

Active solar years: Best chances for worldwide F2 propagation

Meteor showers: Ideal for MSK144 activity

What Makes 6 Meters Appealing

Sudden, exciting band openings

Possibility of worldwide communication with small antennas

Plenty of room for experimentation

A wide variety of propagation modes

Generally less crowded than HF

The band blends scientific curiosity, operating skill, and pure luck — which is exactly why many operators love it.

Example

I love 6m when it is active. But I also love 6m when it isn’t open as a few of us use it to chat on it.

The Japanese love 6m. They seem to use it all year perhaps because they don’t need the band to be open to use it and talk across their country.

Below is a video where the band was open for a few minutes. Only a few contacts were made and I happen to be one of them.

After my contact, the bad suddenly closed, making this contact all the more special.


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Yaesu FT-620

The Yaesu FT-620 (and its updated version, the FT-620B) is a vintage amateur radio transceiver designed specifically for the 6-meter band (50–54 MHz). Produced in the 1970s, it offers support for AM, CW, and SSB (USB/LSB) modes, making it a versatile rig for its time, especially during the era when 6 meters was gaining popularity for both local and DX communications. It was part of Yaesu’s early generation of VHF monoband rigs, built with a solid metal chassis and analog controls, reflecting the rugged, durable engineering of the period.

In terms of performance, the FT-620 delivers approximately 20 watts PEP on SSB and CW, and around 4–8 watts on AM. Receiver sensitivity is quite good for a rig of its era, typically around 0.5 µV for 10 dB S/N in SSB/CW modes. The transceiver divides the 6-meter band into multiple segments using a bandswitch, and offers decent selectivity for SSB and CW operation. It can be powered from AC mains or 12–14 VDC, providing some flexibility for mobile or backup use. However, it lacks FM capability, which limits its use with modern 6m FM repeaters or simplex FM operations.

While the FT-620 is highly regarded for its build quality and straightforward analog operation, it does show its age. There’s no digital display, DSP, or modern filtering, and some units may require refurbishment—such as replacing aging capacitors or realigning circuits for optimal performance. Its bulk and weight (~8 kg) also make it less convenient for portable use. Nonetheless, for those interested in classic radios or operating 6 meters on SSB/CW, it remains a capable and enjoyable rig, particularly when paired with a good antenna.

Overall, the FT-620 is best suited to enthusiasts who appreciate vintage gear and are willing to maintain it. It still holds practical value today in the right hands—especially for those focused on SSB or CW operation during band openings. While it won’t compete with modern rigs in terms of features or integration, its simplicity, durability, and vintage charm continue to appeal to collectors and seasoned hams alike.

See my video below where I fire it up and give it a test.

See me fire up this old girl

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Yaesu 857D

A great radio that does all bands up to 70cm. Using all modes also you can talk on SSB on VHF and UHF.

If you haven’t done SSB on 2m and 70cm, then I’d encourage you to do so. it is a lot of fun.

This radio will do it and so will a lot of the old radios. There are very few new ones that do it now.

Some very old radios only do SSB on one band or another.

Please see my review of the 857D. It’s a great old radio but so small in size making it an ideal portable or mobile radio.


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